Asset
Store of value, over which ownership rights are enforced and from which their owners may derive economic benefits by holding them over a period of time.
Balance of Payments (BOP)
The balance of payments is a statistical statement that summarizes transactions between residents and nonresidents during a period. It consists of the goods and services account, the primary income account, the secondary income account, the capital account, and the financial account.
Broad Money (M2)
The sum of all liquid financial instruments held by money-holding sectors that are widely accepted in an economy as a medium of exchange, plus those that can be converted into a medium of exchange at short notice at, or close to, their full nominal value.
Capital account (of Balance of Payments)
The capital account shows credit and debit entries for non-produced non-financial assets and capital transfers between residents and nonresidents.
Central bank
The central bank is the domestic financial institution that exercises control over key aspects of the financial system.
Central bank survey (CBS)
Analytical presentation of the accounts of the central bank.
Consumer price index (CPI)
A monthly or quarterly price index that measures changes in the prices of consumption goods and services acquired or used by households.
Currency in circulation
Currency in circulation is the amount of currency outside the central bank held by all other resident sectors and nonresidents.
Current account (of Balance of Payments)
The current account shows flows of goods, services, primary income, and secondary income between residents and nonresidents.
Debt securities
Debt securities are negotiable instruments serving as evidence of a debt. They include bills, bonds, notes, negotiable certificates of deposit, commercial paper, debentures, asset-backed securities, money market instruments, and similar instruments normally traded in the financial markets.
Debt Service
Refers to payments in respect of both principal and interest . Actual debt service is the set of payments actually made to satisfy a debt obligation, including principal, interest, and any late payment fees. Scheduled debt service is the set of payments, including principal and interest, which is required to be made through the life of the debt.
Debt-Service (-to-Exports) Ratio
The ratio of debt service (interest and principal payments due) during a year, expressed as a percentage of exports (typically of goods and services) for that year.
Depository corporation (DC)
For monetary statistics purposes, a financial corporation that issues liabilities included in broad money
Depository corporations survey (DCS)
Analytical survey of the depository corporations sector that consolidates the central bank survey and the other DCS.
Direct Investment
Direct investment is a category of cross-border investment associated with a resident in one economy having control or a significant degree of influence on the management of an enterprise that is resident in another economy.
Disbursements
Disbursements are the transactions of providing financial resources. The two counterparties must record the transaction simultaneously. In practice, disbursements are recorded at one of several stages: provision of goods and services (where trade credit is involved); placing of funds at the disposal of the recipient in an earmarked fund or account; withdrawal of funds by the recipient from an earmarked fund or account; or payment by the lender of invoices on behalf of the borrower. The term “utilized” may apply when the credit extended is in a form other than currency. Disbursements should be recorded on gross basis i.e. the actual amount disbursed.
External Debt (Gross External Debt)
Gross external debt, at any given time, is the outstanding amount of those actual current, and not contingent, liabilities that require payment(s) of interest and/or principal by the debtor at some point(s) in the future and that are owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy.
Financial account (of Balance of Payments)
The financial account shows net acquisition and disposal of financial assets and liabilities.
Financial assets
Financial assets consist of equity and investment fund shares, debt instruments, financial derivatives and employee stock options, and monetary gold.
Financial corporation (FC)
Corporation principally engaged in providing financial services, including insurance and pension fund services, to other institutional units.
Financial corporations survey (FCS)
Analytical survey for the financial corporations sector that consolidates the depository corporations survey and the other financial corporations survey.
Flow data
Flows reflect the creation, transformation, exchange, transfer, or extinction of economic value; they involve changes in the volume, composition, or value of an institutional unit’s assets and liabilities.
GDP per capita
GDP per capita is calculated by dividing the total GDP by the midyear population for the respective year.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
GDP measures the monetary value of final goods and services—that is, those bought by the final user—produced in a country in a given period (such as a quarter or a year). It includes all output generated within the country's borders.
Household
Group of persons who share the same living accommodation, pool some, or all, of their income and wealth and consume certain types of goods and services collectively, mainly housing and food.
Inflation
Inflation is the rate at which prices increase over a given period. It is typically a broad measure, such as the overall rise in prices or the cost of living in a country. However, it can also be more narrowly calculated—for specific goods, like food, or services, like haircuts.
Insurance corporation
Financial entity whose principal function is to provide life, accident, sickness, fire, or other forms of coverage to individual institutional units or groups of units, or reinsurance services to other insurance corporations.
Interest
Form of investment income that is receivable by the owners of certain kinds of financial assets for putting the financial assets at the disposal of another institutional unit.
Interest rate
Amount charged, expressed as a percentage of the principal, by the owners of certain kinds of financial assets for putting the financial assets at the disposal of another institutional unit.
Liability
Established when one unit (the debtor) is obliged, under specific circumstances, to provide funds or other resources to another unit (the creditor).
Loan
Financial asset that is (1) created when a creditor lends funds directly to a debtor, and (2) evidenced by documents that are not negotiable.
Net errors and omissions
Net errors and omissions refer to the imbalance in the balance of payments accounts that arises in practice from imperfections in source data and compilation. Although the accounts are, in principle, balanced, such imbalances are a usual feature of balance of payments data and should be identified separately in published data.
Nominal GDP
Nominal GDP measures a country’s production of goods and services in a given period, using market prices or values.
Nonfinancial corporation (NFC)
Corporation or a quasi-corporation whose principal activity is the production of market goods or nonfinancial services.
Nonresidents
Noresidents are Institutional units that has its center of predominant economic interest outside the economic territory under consideration.
Other depository corporation (ODC)
For monetary statistics purposes, a financial corporation (other than the central bank) that incurs liabilities included in broad money.
Other depository corporations survey (ODCS):
Analytical presentation of the accounts of the other depository corporations.
Other financial corporation (OFC)
Financial corporation that does not issue liabilities included in broad money. It can perform financial intermediary or financial auxiliary functions.
Other financial corporations survey (OFCS)
Analytical presentation of the accounts of the other financial corporations.
Other Investment
Other investment is a residual category that includes positions and transactions other than those included in direct investment, portfolio investment, financial derivatives and employee stock options, and reserve assets.
Overall fiscal balance
Overall fiscal balance is the difference between a government's revenues and grants, and its expenditure.
Portfolio Investment
Portfolio investment is defined as crossborder transactions and positions involving debt or equity securities, other than those included in direct investment or reserve assets.
Public nonfinancial corporation (PNFC)
Resident nonfinancial corporation or quasi-corporation subject to control by government units, another public corporation, or some combination of government units and public corporations. To be classified as a PNFC, rather than as a government unit, a corporation must be a market producer of goods or nonfinancial services.
Real GDP
Real GDP is the value of all final goods and services produced in the economy during a given period of time, holding prices constant.
Real GDP growth rate
Real GDP growth rate is the annual percentage change in real GDP for a given year.
Reserve assets
Reserve assets are those external assets that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, for intervention in exchange markets to affect the currency exchange rate, and for other related purposes (such as maintaining confidence in the currency and the economy, and serving as a basis for foreign borrowing).
Residency
The residence of an institutional unit is the economic territory with which it has the strongest connection, expressed as its center of predominant economic interest.
Special drawing rights (SDRs)
International reserve assets created by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and allocated to its members that are SDR Department participants (currently all IMF member countries) to supplement existing official reserves.
Stock data (positions)
Stock values or positions refer to the level of financial assets or liabilities at a point in time.
